Bone Cancer (Osteosarcoma)

Health & Well Being
Bone Cancer (Osteosarcoma)

Osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is the most common type of cancer that affects the bones of dogs.

This cancer gradually eats away at the healthy bone tissue, leaving weaker, damaged bone which can break easily, even with normal activity. Affected dogs may have a noticeable hard swelling at the site of the cancer, or may simply go suddenly lame, almost overnight.

Bone cancer is mostly seen in larger breeds of dog with Greyhounds being the breed diagnosed most with this disease, followed by Rottweilers and Great Danes. Although most common in older greyhounds, the disease has no real age limits and can be seen in dogs of racing age, as well as in brood bitches and retired racers kept as pets. The risk of developing this disease increases with age, and one study in the UK found it accounted for almost 50% of all tumours seen in greyhounds.

Where is it commonly seen?

The most common sites for bone cancer to develop in the front leg are the shoulder and just above the wrist. In the hind leg the cancer tends to occur just above or below the knee/stifle.

The owner often reports that the dog has gone lame, and the area will often be swollen and painful to touch. Because it can appear so quickly, often owners assume the dog has simply hurt itself in the yard, or while exercising or playing with other dogs. The location of the swelling, amount of pain, and the appearance of the bone on x-ray are used to diagnose this disease. X-rays often show an area of bone that is very different from the normal bone above and below it, with a distinctive appearance described as ‘moth eaten’. Sometimes on x-ray it is also possible to see ‘pathologic’ fractures (breaks in the abnormal bone) which are the cause of a lot of the pain.

Confirmation of the diagnosis can be achieved via a bone biopsy or fine needle aspirate – where some of the cells from the affected area are removed and sent for examination by a pathologist.

What can be done if my greyhound has been diagnosed with Bone Cancer?

Unfortunately bone cancer is usually a very aggressive and nasty disease and malignant cancers can spread from their initial location to other places in the body such as the liver and lungs. Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer that spreads very early in the disease, often well before any signs or symptoms from the original tumour are visible.

Given this early spread, most dogs diagnosed with this disease have a very poor prognosis. It is estimated that most dogs will have a life expectancy of only a few months from the time of diagnosis. Treatment options include pain relieving medication, amputation of the affected limb, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Amputation of the affected limb is primarily done to control the pain associated with the area, and does not ‘cure’ the cancer. Without amputation, pain relief may work for a short time, but usually an inability to control the pain leads to the owner deciding to euthanase the greyhound. Greyhounds usually cope quite well with amputation, even though it seems to be a very drastic option. Amputation of the affected limb can increase the life expectancy from just weeks to an average of 4-6 months.

Chemotherapy is aimed at slowing the spread of the disease into other organs. Many owners do not consider chemotherapy because of the cost involved and the concern that their greyhound will suffer similar side effect to human chemotherapy patients (such as nausea and vomiting). Interestingly dogs are far less likely to suffer these types of reactions to the chemotherapy medication, and new chemotherapy drugs continue to be developed which are safer, more effective, and reduce the risks of unpleasant side effects.

Amputation followed by chemotherapy gives the best life expectancy, but the average survival time with this option is still only 10-12 months. If you are concerned that your greyhound has gone suddenly lame, especially if it is an older dog, it is important to have the dog checked by your veterinarian. They will be able to diagnose the problem, and discuss all of the available options and their likely outcomes with you so that you can make an informed decision.

Meet our dogs ready for adoption

All greyhounds adopted from GAP are de-sexed, vaccinated, microchipped, wormed and health checked.

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Pisces

5 years old

Meet Pisces, a friendly mature aged chap who acts like an excitable puppy at times! Just like the characteristics of someone of the astrological star sign, Pisces, we believe Pisces is lives in a world of his own dreams and tend to be idealistic and optimistic. Pisces may suit living with or without a canine pal of similar size and children aged 10 years and older.
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Shifty

7 years old

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Meet Shifty, a 7-year-old boy who defies his age with his youthful energy and playful spirit. Don't let his mature years fool you - this lively lad is still a puppy at heart, always ready to burst into a zoomy or play with a toy. With his boundless enthusiasm and love for playtime, Shifty is the perfect companion for those who crave an active and entertaining furry friend. Despite his advancing years, Shifty shows no signs of slowing down. His tail still wags with excitement, and his eyes sparkle with mischief as he chases after toys or embarks on a high-speed zoom around the room. With his ageless personality and playful nature, Shifty is sure to bring joy and laughter into the life of his forever family. If you're looking for a fun-loving companion to keep you on your toes, Shifty is the perfect match! He may do best living as an only dog and a home with no children. He would prefer a backyard for his zoomies. He has successfully completed further training in our behavioural rehabilitation program and is now ready for adoption.
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Tremendous

5 years old

Meet Tremendous, the friendly and outgoing greyhound gentleman who's ready to bring joy and companionship into his new home! This charming boy has a big personality and loves to make new friends, both human and canine. Tremendous is a social and affectionate companion who will thrive in a family environment with plenty of love and attention. Tremendous is best suited to a home with kids aged 10+, who will appreciate his friendly nature and energetic spirit. He's looking for a household where he's the only dog or with a medium to large canine companion. Tremendous requires a home without small dogs or cats. With a loving family and a stable environment, Tremendous is sure to become a loyal and loving companion - if you're looking for a friendly and outgoing greyhound friend, Tremendous might be the perfect fit!
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Raph Turtle

5 years old

Meet Raph Turtle, the outgoing and quirky greyhound gentleman who's ready to bring laughter and joy into his new home! This charming boy has a unique personality that's sure to capture hearts, and his playful nature makes him a perfect companion for families with kids aged 10+, who will appreciate his energetic and adventurous spirit. Raph loves to have fun and be the centre of attention, and he's sure to bring a smile to your face with his antics. Raph has been through behavioural rehabilitation, which has helped him overcome some challenges and become the confident and loving companion he is today. Due to his energy level and play style, Raph is best suited to a home with no small dogs, and he's looking for a household where he can be the only dog or with a medium to large canine companion who can keep up with his lively spirit. With patience, love, and understanding, Raph is sure to thrive and become a beloved member of his new family - if you're ready for a fun-loving and one-of-a-kind companion, Raph might be the perfect fit! Raph has a low-grade heart murmur, which doesn't require medication or affect his day-to-day life. He also has an Auto immune disease of the eyes, called Pannus. This is managed through daily eye drops.
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Gil

4 years old

Meet Gil, a gentle greyhound whose quiet and timid demeanor transforms into warmth once he feels comfortable. Gil walks well on a lead and thrives in a calm environment. Ideal for a home with no other dogs or alongside a calm small, medium, or large dog, even a cat. Gil prefers a quiet setting, so apartments may not be suitable. Best suited for a family with children aged 15 and older.
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Faye Ray

6 years old

Look at the beautiful Faye Ray, she has the most gorgeous white markings! Faye looks wet in the profile picture as she was freshly washed and smelling beautiful for her new home. Faye's puppy years are well and truly over but at times she still can be excitable and enthusiastic at times, like walkies time! Faye may suit living with or without a placid canine companion of similar size and children aged 10 years+. Faye has an auto immune disease, call "Pannus", which effects the eyes. She is on daily eye drops which manages the condition.
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Ralf

6 years old

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Meet Ralf, the charming and confident greyhound who's looking for a forever home. This friendly boy has a lot of personality and loves to interact with his people. With a little patience and training, Ralf will become a well-mannered member of the family. Ralf may be best suited to a home with kids aged 10+, who will appreciate his energetic and playful nature. He's looking for a household where he's the only dog or with a compatible medium to large canine companion. Ralf's new family will need to be willing to work with him on his manners, but with positive reinforcement and love, he'll become a loyal and loving companion. If you're up for the challenge and want a charismatic greyhound by your side, Ralf might be the perfect fit!
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Taurus

3 years old

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Taurus says every day is tongue out Tuesday! How cute is he? He's a sweet boy with a puppyish and shy nature, but he tries very hard to please. He needs a quiet home who won't expect him to be a social butterfly - he's an introvert at heart. He would likely be ok with children aged 15 or older, and should be fine with full time workers.
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Hondo

6 years old

Handsome Hondo can't wait to find his forever home - is it with you? He's a confident and outgoing boy who can still get a bit excited when he meets new dogs, so he'd prefer a home with an experienced greyhound or sighthound owner. He would likely be ok with children aged ten or older, and should be fine with full time workers. Hondo has a heart murmur and comes with an approval for a follow up appointment for an echo, paid for by GAP.
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Coffee

4 years old

Meet Coffee, the big and bold greyhound gentleman who's brewing up a storm in the hearts of everyone he meets! This charming boy is a true coffee connoisseur - he loves treats, attention, and affection, and he'll be your loyal companion as long as the goodies keep flowing. With his gentle giant personality, Coffee is a perfect fit for families with kids aged 10+, who will adore his playful and loving nature. As a big boy with a big personality, Coffee needs a home that can match his energy and enthusiasm. He's best suited to a household where he's the only dog or with medium to large canine companions who can keep up with his playful vibe. Coffee is looking for an active family who can provide him with plenty of exercise, attention, and treats - if you're ready to perk up your life with a loyal and loving companion, Coffee is the perfect brew for you! Coffee has Pannus, an auto immune disease, which is managed by daily eye drops
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